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Finally, one should keep in mind the possibility of developing chronic pneumonia as a result of the harmful effects of occupational factors (anthracosis, silicosis, berylliosis).
The clinical picture of chronic nonspecific pneumonia is extremely polymorphic and varies depending on the stage of the disease, the state of external respiration and circulation, and the presence of certain complications.
It is sometimes very difficult to promptly recognize exacerbations of chronic inflammatory processes in the lungs, since they often occur without a pronounced temperature reaction and without accelerating ROE.
For the diagnosis of chronic nonspecific pneumonia, it is of great importanceThere is a carefully collected anamnesis and a properly conducted examination of the patient. Despite the very great importance of the x-ray method of examination, its overestimation (in the absence of changes) can lead to incorrect or delayed diagnosis of chronic pneumonia.
A significant role in the clinical manifestations of chronic nonspecific pneumonia is played by the resulting changes in the functional state of the external respiratory apparatus.
In patients with chronic nonspecific pneumonia, as a rule, there is a significant decrease in the vital capacity of the lungs, the limits and reserves of pulmonary ventilation, which occurs even in cases where the process is limited to one or several segments.A more significant decrease in these indicators is observed in patients with chronic nonspecific pneumonia with diffuse pneumosclerosis (see), pulmonary emphysema (see) and especially with the development of pulmonary heart failure (see).
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Classification of interstitial pneumonia.
The limitation of pulmonary ventilation reserves in patients with chronic nonspecific pneumonia with severe symptoms of circulatory failure suggests that even with little physical activity, the need to increase pulmonary ventilation may exceed the available reserves, and the limited limits of tegretol in these cases may cause an increase in external respiration failure. In patients with chronic nonspecific pneumonia with diffuse pneumosclerosis, in most cases, varying degrees of severity of arterial hypoxemia are observed, accompanied, as a rule, by arterial hypercapnia. The natural development in such patients, along with arterial hypoxemia, also of arterial hypercapnia, gives reason to believe that pulmonary ventilation disorders play a significant role in the genesis of external respiration failure. The classification of chronic pneumonia adopted at the 1964 symposium is shown in Table 2.
Outside the period of exacerbation of the disease, sanatorium-resort treatment in warm conditions or in coniferous-wooded areas gives good results.
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia is an interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology that shares similar clinical features. They are classified into 6 histological subtypes and they are characterized by varying degrees of inflammatory response and fibrosis and are accompanied by dyspnea and typical radiographic changes. The diagnosis is made by analyzing the history, physical examination, radiological studies, pulmonary function tests and lung biopsy. J84 Other interstitial pulmonary diseases. |